What are the implications of ADP-ribosylation in cellular toxicity?
ADP-ribosylation by PARPs can have both protective and detrimental effects on cells, depending on the context. Under normal conditions, this post-translational modification supports DNA repair and cell survival. However, excessive ADP-ribosylation, often triggered by severe DNA damage or chronic toxic exposure, can lead to poly(ADP-ribose) polymer accumulation and ATP depletion, ultimately resulting in cell death via necrosis or apoptosis. Understanding the balance between protective and harmful ADP-ribosylation is crucial for developing strategies to manage toxicity in clinical and environmental settings.
