Several factors determine the toxicity of a substance in biological and environmental systems:
Dosage: The amount of exposure determines whether a substance will have a toxic effect. The principle "the dose makes the poison" highlights this concept. Exposure Route: The route of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact) affects the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a toxin. Species and Individual Differences: Different species, and individuals within a species, may vary in their sensitivity to toxins due to genetic, physiological, or developmental factors. Environmental Conditions: Factors such as temperature, pH, and presence of other chemicals can influence the toxicity of substances.
