How do these toxicological agents affect cardiovascular health?
The mechanisms by which toxicological agents contribute to CVD are multifaceted:
- Oxidative stress: Many toxic agents induce oxidative stress, leading to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. - Inflammation: Chronic inflammation caused by pollutants like particulate matter can damage blood vessels and promote atherosclerosis. - Hypertension: Heavy metals such as lead and cadmium can disrupt vascular function, leading to elevated blood pressure. - Lipid metabolism: Certain pesticides and endocrine disruptors can alter lipid metabolism, increasing the risk of plaque formation in arteries. - Genetic and epigenetic changes: Toxic agents can cause genetic mutations or epigenetic modifications that predispose individuals to CVD.
