Exposure Route: The way a substance enters the body—through inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact, or injection—affects its toxicity. Duration and Frequency: Acute exposure (short-term) can have different effects compared to chronic exposure (long-term). Individual Susceptibility: Age, sex, genetics, and health status can alter an individual's sensitivity to toxicants. Chemical Composition: The chemical properties, such as solubility, stability, and reactivity, play a role in determining toxicity.
