Metabolism, or biotransformation, is the process by which the body converts a substance into more water-soluble compounds for easier excretion. However, metabolic processes can sometimes convert a non-toxic substance into a toxic metabolite. This phenomenon is known as bioactivation. The liver is the primary site of metabolism, involving enzymes such as cytochrome P450. Individual variations in metabolic enzymes can lead to differences in susceptibility to toxicity among populations. Understanding the metabolic pathway of a toxicant is critical in assessing its toxicological profile.
