Which Toxins Commonly Affect the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Several toxins are known to affect the parasympathetic nervous system. Besides organophosphates and carbamates, natural toxins such as botulinum toxin can interfere with acetylcholine release, leading to a reduction in parasympathetic activity and symptoms such as dry mouth and dilated pupils. Certain medications, particularly those with anticholinergic effects, can also disrupt normal parasympathetic functions.
