Anticarcinogens can work through several mechanisms:
Blocking Carcinogen Activation: Some anticarcinogens inhibit the metabolic activation of procarcinogens, thus preventing them from becoming active carcinogens. For example, certain phytochemicals found in cruciferous vegetables can block enzymes that convert procarcinogens into their active forms. Enhancing Detoxification: They may enhance the body's detoxification processes, allowing for the more efficient elimination of carcinogens. This can be achieved by inducing the activity of detoxifying enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases and cytochrome P450 enzymes. DNA Repair: Some agents can enhance the repair of DNA damage caused by carcinogens. This is crucial as DNA damage is a major step in the process of carcinogenesis. Antioxidant Activity: Many anticarcinogens have antioxidant properties that neutralize free radicals, which can cause cellular damage leading to cancer.
