The process of activation often begins with the absorption of a substance into the body, followed by its distribution to various tissues. Once at its site of action, the compound undergoes metabolic transformation, primarily in the liver, through phase I metabolic reactions. These reactions typically involve oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis, leading to the formation of a more polar and reactive metabolite. This metabolite may further undergo phase II reactions, such as conjugation, to facilitate its excretion. However, in some cases, the phase I product itself is responsible for the observed toxic effects.
