Chronic use of MDPV can lead to significant adverse effects on both the brain and the body. Users may experience persistent anxiety, depression, cognitive deficits, and psychosis. Long-term use is also associated with cardiovascular problems, including increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. The addictive potential of MDPV is high, which can lead to a cycle of abuse and withdrawal symptoms, including fatigue, depression, and sleep disturbances.
