MDPV poses a significant public health challenge due to its widespread availability and unpredictable effects. The emergence of synthetic cathinones like MDPV has led to an increase in emergency department visits and calls to poison control centers. Public health efforts are focused on raising awareness, improving detection methods, and implementing harm reduction strategies. Research is ongoing to better understand the pharmacology and toxicology of MDPV, which is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.