What are the toxicological concerns associated with PPAR activation?
While PPARs help regulate metabolic processes, their activation by synthetic ligands can lead to adverse effects. For example, PPAR-alpha agonists have been associated with liver enlargement and tumor development in rodents. Additionally, PPAR-gamma agonists used in the treatment of diabetes have raised concerns due to their potential to cause weight gain, fluid retention, and bone fractures. Researchers are investigating these effects to determine the implications for human health.
