PPARs regulate gene expression by binding to specific regions of DNA known as peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPREs). Upon activation, they form heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and influence the transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and energy balance. There are three main subtypes of PPARs: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-beta/delta, and PPAR-gamma, each with distinct roles in different tissues.
